Effective Moderation of Social Media to Curb Genocidal Content

The 2020-2022 Tigray war is reported to be the deadliest armed conflict of the 21𝑠𝑡 century, with an estimated 600 to 800,000 documented deaths and more than 100 thousand victims of rape as a weapon of war. Social media platforms were instrumental in spreading genocidal content during the conflict, and failure to effectively moderate hateful content resulted in the murder of civilians. This work investigates the expertise and processes required to effectively moderate such genocidal content, and compares these findings to the expertise and processes prioritized by social media platforms.

Read the paper and watch the 10-minute video below.

Read our paper for ACM CHI 2025

Social media platforms played a significant role in spreading genocidal content in the 2020-2022 Tigray war, where the deadliest genocide of the 21st century was committed. While linguistic expertise is clearly needed to adequately moderate such content, we ask: What additional expertise is needed? Why and to what extent do experts disagree on what constitutes harmful content, and what is the best way to resolve these disagreements? What do social media platforms do instead?

Read the PDF

A new escalation of conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea

Social media platforms are spreading violent warmongering content encouraging all-out war between Ethiopia and Eritrea, again. We call on the international community to help stop it.

Read our statement
More Resources

Meta faces £1.8bn lawsuit over claims it inflamed violence in Ethiopia

Recently, the Kenyan high court said a legal case against the US tech group could proceed. The claimants include Abrham Meareg, Fisseha Tekle, supported by non-profit organisations including Foxglove and Amnesty International.

Why Facebook Keeps Failing Ethiopia

Zecharias Zelalem outlines the failure of content moderation during the war by providing specific examples.

Content Moderation: The harrowing, traumatizing job that left many African data workers with mental health issues and drug dependency

Fasica Gebrekidan discusses the mental trauma stories of African content moderators and how platforms and their outsourcing companies ignored them.

NewLines Institute Genocide Report

This report concludes that there is a reasonable basis to believe that members of the ENDF, the Amhara Special Forces (“ASF”), and the Eritrean Defense Forces have committed genocide against Tigrayans.

More than 100000 women may have been raped during the two year civil war

Columbia University biostatistician Kiros Berhane concludes more than 100,000 women may have been raped during the two-year civil war in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region, according to the most comprehensive study so far of these attacks.

Dueling Information Campaigns: The War Over the Narrative in Tigray

This case study details the strategies and tactics to control the narrative online between the Ethiopian government and its supporters, and Tigrayan organizers and their allies in the diaspora and in Ethiopia.